{"id":872,"date":"2017-01-06T08:54:38","date_gmt":"2017-01-06T06:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/?p=872"},"modified":"2017-01-04T11:57:53","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T09:57:53","slug":"metoda-montessori-sau-cum-sa-ti-educi-copilul-prin-dezvoltarea-naturala-intereselor-sale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/metoda-montessori-sau-cum-sa-ti-educi-copilul-prin-dezvoltarea-naturala-intereselor-sale\/","title":{"rendered":"Metoda Montessori, sau cum s\u0103-\u021bi educi copilul prin dezvoltarea natural\u0103 a intereselor sale"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nu \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor discut\u0103m ast\u0103zi despre aceast\u0103 metod\u0103, care \u00een ultimii ani c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult credit \u00een lumea educa\u021biei celor mici, \u00eens\u0103 se \u00eemplinesc 110 ani de c\u00e2nd educatoarea italian\u0103 Maria Montessori\u00a0a deschis, la Roma, prima sa \u0219coal\u0103 \u0219i gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103 pentru copiii muncitorilor de aici.<\/p>\n

Acest pas a venit firesc, \u00een urma cercet\u0103rilor efectuate ani de zile de doctorul Montessori, care a observat cum copiii prosper\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd li se ofer\u0103 libertatea \u00eentr-un mediu propice nevoilor lor. Concluzia ei era c\u0103, dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 de intens\u0103 concentrare \u015fi lucru cu materiale care le st\u00e2rnesc interesul, copiii dau dovad\u0103 de vitalitate \u015fi mul\u0163umire de sine. Concentr\u00e2ndu-se la o activitate liber aleas\u0103, ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103, copiii ajung la auto-disciplin\u0103 \u015fi pace interioar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cine a fost Maria Montessori<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Maria Montessori devenea, \u00een anul 1896, prima femeie calificat\u0103 ca medic din Italia. Ea \u0219i-a dedicat, la acel moment, \u00eentreaga activitate studierii copiilor cu retard mintal. A cercetat lucr\u0103rile de pionierat \u00een acest domeniu, apar\u0163in\u00e2nd unor francezi din secolul al XIXlea – Jean-Marc Itard, care \u00ee\u015fi c\u00e2\u015ftigase renumele lucr\u00e2nd cu \u201eb\u0103iatul s\u0103lbatic din Aveyron\u201d, \u015fi Edouard Seguin, studentul lui Itard. Era at\u00e2t de dornic\u0103 s\u0103 le \u00een\u0163eleag\u0103 temeinic lucrarea, \u00eenc\u00e2t a tradus-o chiar ea din francez\u0103 \u00een italian\u0103.<\/p>\n

Prima ei carte, publicat\u0103 \u00een 1909 \u00een Italia, care a ap\u0103rut tradus\u0103 \u00een Statele Unite \u00een 1912 ca \u201eMetoda Montessori\u201d, a atins locul al doilea pe lista celor mai v\u00e2ndute c\u0103r\u0163i non-fic\u0163iune. Cur\u00e2nd dup\u0103 aceea a fost tradus\u0103 \u00een 20 de limbi \u0219i a devenit o influen\u0163\u0103 major\u0103 \u00een domeniul educa\u0163iei.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ce const\u0103 Metoda Montessori<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201e\u00cen loc s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103-l cucerim din interior \u015fi s\u0103-l direc\u0163ion\u0103m ca pe un suflet uman, \u00eentotdeauna ne-am dorit s\u0103 domin\u0103m copilul prin for\u0163\u0103, prin impunerea unor legi externe. \u00cen acest mod, copiii au tr\u0103it pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 noi f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 ajungem s\u0103 fim capabili de a-i \u00een\u0163elege vreodat\u0103. Dar dac\u0103 d\u0103m la o parte toat\u0103 artificialitatea cu care i-am \u00eenv\u0103luit \u015fi toat\u0103 violen\u0163a cu care, proste\u015fte, am \u00eencercat s\u0103-i disciplin\u0103m, ei ni se vor ar\u0103ta nou\u0103 \u00een toat\u0103 frumuse\u0163ea firii lor copil\u0103re\u015fti, cu o gentile\u0163e \u015fi dr\u0103g\u0103l\u0103\u015fenie absolut\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pe acest principiu se bazeaz\u0103 acest stil de aducare, \u00een cadrul metodei sale, doctorul Montessori concep\u00e2nd un rol cu totul nou pentru educator: el doar \u00eei observ\u0103, \u00eei stimuleaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eei ghideaz\u0103 pe copii; iar ace\u0219tia sunt l\u0103sa\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be singuri, folosind materialele specifice. Aici<\/a> g\u0103sim un material interesant despre aceast\u0103 metod\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 Metoda Montessori<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Metoda dezvoltat\u0103 de medicul italian se bazeaz\u0103 pe 5 principii:\u00a0respectul pentru copil,\u00a0perioadele senzitive\u00a0ale acestuia,\u00a0mintea \u201eabsorbant\u0103\u201d\u00a0a pre\u0219colarului,\u00a0mediul \u00een care este organizat\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea \u0219i, esen\u021bial, autoeduca\u021bia. Cu alte cuvinte, e vorba despre cum s\u0103-\u021bi educi copilul prin dezvoltarea natural\u0103 a intereselor sale.<\/p>\n

Produsele Montessori<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pentru asta, exist\u0103 pe pia\u021b\u0103 o serie \u00eentreag\u0103 de produse menite s\u0103-i ajute pe copii s\u0103-\u0219i dezvolte inteligen\u021ba \u0219i g\u00e2ndirea organizat\u0103: c\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i cartona\u0219e colorate, cu imagini din diverse categorii (culori, fructe \u0219i legume, animale, lec\u021bii de geografie, biologie etc); c\u0103r\u021bi cu activit\u0103\u021bi (Descoper\u0103 cifrele, literele etc.); c\u0103r\u021bi cu povestiri scurte, ilustrate, urmate de indica\u021bii pentru o activitate complementar\u0103 lecturii.<\/p>\n

Toate acestea, create cu un singur scop: s\u0103-i fac\u0103 pe cei mici s\u0103 experimenteze \u00een mod concret ceea ce \u00eenva\u021b\u0103, deoarece teoria f\u0103r\u0103 practic\u0103 este greu de asimilat.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nu \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor discut\u0103m ast\u0103zi despre aceast\u0103 metod\u0103, care \u00een ultimii ani c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult credit \u00een lumea educa\u021biei celor mici, \u00eens\u0103 se \u00eemplinesc 110 ani de c\u00e2nd educatoarea italian\u0103 Maria Montessori\u00a0a deschis, la Roma, prima sa \u0219coal\u0103 \u0219i gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103 pentru copiii muncitorilor de aici. Acest pas a venit firesc, \u00een urma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":873,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[74,28],"tags":[324,323,325],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/montessori.jpg?fit=960%2C923&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7BsAT-e4","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":869,"url":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/interviul-fragilistic-iulia-mihaela-tilvan-un-om-mare-cu-suflet-de-copil-copilarie-strangeam-mereu-copiii-din-vecini-si-incercam-sa-inventez-povesti-pentru-ei\/","url_meta":{"origin":872,"position":0},"title":"Interviul Fragilistic: Iulia Mihaela T\u00eelvan, un om mare cu suflet de copil \u2013 \u201e\u00cen copil\u0103rie, str\u00e2ngeam mereu copiii din vecini \u0219i \u00eencercam s\u0103 inventez pove\u0219ti pentru ei\u201d","author":"Alexandra Damian","date":"03\/01\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Pe Iulia am cunoscut-o \u00een libr\u0103rie. Foarte implicat\u0103 \u00een toate activit\u0103\u021bile organizate acolo \u0219i foarte deschis\u0103 la idei de tot felul. Nu ne-a luat mult s\u0103 afl\u0103m c\u0103 scrie. \u0218i nu orice, ci pove\u0219ti pentru copii. A\u0219a c\u0103 ideea a venit firesc: Decembrie, S\u0103rb\u0103tori, pove\u0219ti, copii, libr\u0103rie \u2013 COL\u021aUL DE\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cool-tura"","block_context":{"text":"Cool-tura","link":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/category\/info\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/3-ian.jpg?fit=412%2C539&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":792,"url":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/ce-prefera-copiii-lecturi-realiste-sau-fictiune-6-carti-alese-de-parinti-pentru-dezvoltarea-empatiei\/","url_meta":{"origin":872,"position":1},"title":"Ce prefer\u0103 copiii: lecturi realiste sau fic\u021biune? 6 c\u0103r\u021bi alese de p\u0103rin\u021bi pentru dezvoltarea empatiei","author":"Alexandra Damian","date":"19\/11\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Dac\u0103 facem o scurt\u0103 incursiune \u00een timp, ne vom aminti cu siguran\u021b\u0103 cu c\u00e2t\u0103 pl\u0103cere citeam c\u00e2nd eram mici aventurile lui Winnie-the-Pooh, pove\u0219tile lui Andersen sau, mai t\u00e2rziu, amintirile lui Nic\u0103. \u00a0Vom fi tenta\u021bi, a\u0219adar, s\u0103 le recomand\u0103m celor mici acela\u0219i tip de lectur\u0103. Un studiu efectuat recent scoate, \u00eens\u0103,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Iscusisme"","block_context":{"text":"Iscusisme","link":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/category\/iscusisme\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/19-nov.jpg?fit=849%2C565&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/19-nov.jpg?fit=849%2C565&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/19-nov.jpg?fit=849%2C565&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/19-nov.jpg?fit=849%2C565&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":708,"url":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/cum-ii-imprietenim-pe-copii-cu-lectura-despre-proiectul-fanbook\/","url_meta":{"origin":872,"position":2},"title":"Cum \u00eei \u00eemprietenim pe copii cu lectura? \u2013 Despre proiectul FANBOOK","author":"Alexandra Damian","date":"21\/09\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Fanbook este un proiect pus la cale \u00een Bucure\u0219ti de Bianca Voinescu, profesor de limba \u0219i literatura rom\u00e2n\u0103, \u00een urm\u0103 cu mai bine de doi ani \u0219i care s-a extins deja \u00een mai multe ora\u0219e din \u021bar\u0103.\u00a0Editura Humanitas\u00a0le este partener principal \u0219i le-a fost ajutor de n\u0103dejde \u00een construirea proiectului.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cool-tura"","block_context":{"text":"Cool-tura","link":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/category\/info\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/fanbook2.png?fit=800%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/fanbook2.png?fit=800%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/fanbook2.png?fit=800%2C500&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/fanbook2.png?fit=800%2C500&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":587,"url":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/echipa-fragilistic-doamna-vali-sau-cum-e-sa-lucrezi-34-de-ani-in-aceeasi-librarie\/","url_meta":{"origin":872,"position":3},"title":"Echipa Fragilistic: Doamna Vali, sau cum e s\u0103 lucrezi 34 de ani \u00een aceea\u0219i libr\u0103rie","author":"Alexandra Damian","date":"21\/07\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Ne-am propus de azi s\u0103 v\u0103 prezent\u0103m echipa Fragilistic, doamne \u0219i domni\u0219oare vesele \u0219i preg\u0103tite mereu s\u0103 v\u0103 ofere cea mai bun\u0103 solu\u021bie pentru c\u0103utarea voastr\u0103 prin rafturile libr\u0103riei. \u0218i nu puteam \u00eencepe dec\u00e2t cu cel mai longeviv angajat al locului - doamna Vali Zlate, librar \u0219ef - care are\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Despre noi"","block_context":{"text":"Despre noi","link":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/category\/despre-noi\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20160714_143255.jpg?fit=720%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20160714_143255.jpg?fit=720%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20160714_143255.jpg?fit=720%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20160714_143255.jpg?fit=720%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":634,"url":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/634-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":872,"position":4},"title":"Lecturi recomandate pentru copiii bolnavi de autism","author":"Alexandra Damian","date":"11\/08\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Inciden\u021ba copiilor cu autism este din ce \u00een ce mai alarmant\u0103. Conform statisticilor interna\u021bionale, 1 din 100 de copii este afectat de acest sindrom. Iar psihologii recomand\u0103, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 terapie specializat\u0103, \u0219i un set de lecturi utile pentru dezvoltarea senzorial\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103 a celor afecta\u021bi. Ce este autismul? Autismul este\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Iscusisme"","block_context":{"text":"Iscusisme","link":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/category\/iscusisme\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/2.jpg?fit=555%2C710&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/2.jpg?fit=555%2C710&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/2.jpg?fit=555%2C710&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":928,"url":"https:\/\/www.fragilistic.ro\/blog\/fost-luna-vintage-reading-pe-facebook-ce-urmeaza-februarie\/","url_meta":{"origin":872,"position":5},"title":"A fost Luna \u201eVintage Reading\u201d pe Facebook. 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